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The effect of temperature and exposure time on redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and yellow foxtail (Setaria pumila) seed mortality in the natural soil seedbank

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 May 2024

Valentina Šoštarčić Open the ORCID record for Valentina Šoštarčić [Opens in a new window] ,
Mateja Pišonić ,
Laura Pismarović Open the ORCID record for Laura Pismarović [Opens in a new window]  and
Maja Šćepanović Open the ORCID record for Maja Šćepanović [Opens in a new window]
Valentina Šoštarčić*
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Weed Science, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
Mateja Pišonić
Affiliation:
Master’s Student, Department of Weed Science, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
Laura Pismarović
Affiliation:
Ph.D Student, Department of Weed Science, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
Maja Šćepanović
Affiliation:
Full Professor, Department of Weed Science, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
*
Corresponding author: Valentina Šoštarčić; Email: vsostarcic@agr.hr
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Abstract

Heat disinfection of soil can be used to reduce the content of the soil seedbank. However, species differ in the lethal temperature needed for seed destruction and mortality. Laboratory research was conducted on the seeds of two weed species, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and yellow foxtail [Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult]. The soil samples were collected at the experimental station Šašinovečki Lug, Zagreb, Croatia (45.850289°N, 16.180465°E), and exposed to linearly increasing constant temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, and 120 C and exposure times of 30, 60, and 90 min in a laboratory oven. Weed seeds were then extracted from the soil using the sieve separation method and survival was measured by germinating seeds on filter paper. Germination counts were converted into percentages of mortality compared with untreated seeds. The results show that both temperature and exposure time significantly affected seed mortality of both weed species. Amaranthus retroflexus shows a greater susceptibility to high temperatures than S. pumila. A fitted three-parameter sigmoid model was used to define the relationship between temperature and exposure time needed for 50% (LT50) and 90% (LT90) seed mortality. The estimated LT50 values for A. retroflexus are 58.89 to 46.08 C over the 30- to 90-min exposure times; the estimated LT90 values were 113.36 to 65.72 C for the same durations. The estimated LT50 values for S. pumila over the 30- to 90-min exposure times ranged from 91.33 to 75.15 C; the estimated LT90 ranged from 98.79 to 90.32 C over the same durations. The research results contribute to the knowledge about the thermal sensitivity of seeds. Estimating efficacy of soil-heating treatments is essential when comparing the environmental, economic, and social costs of alternatives to conventional weed control methods.

Keywords

Lethal temperatureredroot amaranthseed separation methodthermal deathyellow foxtail
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , First View , pp. 1 - 7
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Bhagirath Chauhan, The University of Queensland

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