Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pftt2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-01T21:54:56.326Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Foam Structure: From Soap Froth to Solid Foams

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Andrew M. Kraynik
Get access

Abstract

The properties of solid foams depend on their structure, which usually evolves in the fluid state as gas bubbles expand to form polyhedral cells. The characteristic feature of foam structure—randomly packed cells of different sizes and shapes—is examined in this article by considering soap froth. This material can be modeled as a network of minimal surfaces that divide space into polyhedral cells. The cell-level geometry of random soap froth is calculated with Brakke's Surface Evolver software. The distribution of cell volumes ranges from monodisperse to highly polydisperse. Topological and geometric properties, such as surface area and edge length, of the entire foam and individual cells, are discussed. The shape of struts in solid foams is related to Plateau borders in liquid foams and calculated for different volume fractions of material. The models of soap froth are used as templates to produce finite element models of open-cell foams. Three-dimensional images of open-cell foams obtained with x-ray microtomography allow virtual reconstruction of skeletal structures that compare well with the Surface Evolver simulations of soap-froth geometry.

Keywords

cellular solidscomputer simulationsfoamsstructure–property relationships.
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 28 , Issue 4: Cellular Solids , April 2003 , pp. 275 - 278
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Gibson, L.J. and Ashby, M.F., Cellular Solids: Structure and Properties, 2nd ed. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Hilyard, N.C. and Cunningham, A., eds., Low-Density Cellular Plastics (Chapman & Hall, London, 1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Weaire, D. and Hutzler, S., The Physics of Foam (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999).Google Scholar
4.Brakke, K.A., Exp. Math. 1 (1992) p. 141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Thomson, W. (Kelvin, Lord), Philos. Mag. 24 (1887) p. 503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Weaire, D. and Phelan, R., Philos. Mag. Lett. 69 (1994) p. 107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Matzke, E.B., Am. J. Botany 33 (1946) p. 58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Kraynik, A.M., Neilsen, M.K., Reinelt, D.A., and Warren, W.E., in Foams and Emulsions, Proc. School on Foams, Emulsions, and Cellular Materials, edited by Sadoc, J.F. and Rivier, N. (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1999) p. 259.Google Scholar
9.Kraynik, A.M., Reinelt, D.A., and van Swol, F., Phys. Rev. E (2003) in press.Google Scholar
10.Kraynik, A.M., Reinelt, D.A., and van Swol, F. (unpublished).Google Scholar
11.Rhodes, M.B., in Low-Density Cellular Plastics, edited by Hilyard, N.C. and Cunningham, A. (Chapman & Hall, London, 1994) p. 56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Montminy, M.D., “Complete Structural Characterization of Foams Using 3D Images,” PhD thesis, University of Minnesota, 2001.Google Scholar