Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-hfldf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-01T18:44:20.263Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Forecasting Systematic Risk: Estimates of “Raw” Beta that Take Account of the Tendency of Beta to Change and the Heteroskedasticity of Residual Returns

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Extract

In the application of modern portfolio theory, the systematic risk of a security is of central importance. Beta (β), the future regression coefficient of the return of the security on the return of the market, is an index of that risk. Since the future is yet to be revealed, nonclairvoyant practitioners and researchers must rely on estimated rather than actual values of beta and the estimates must be based on data that are currently available.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © School of Business Administration, University of Washington 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

[1]Black, Fischer. Unpublished Memorandum (1970).Google Scholar
[2]Blume, Marshall E.Portfolio Theory: A Step towards Its Practical Application.” Journal of Business, Vol. 43 (04 1970), pp. 152173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[3]Blume, Marshall E.. “On the Assessment of Risk.” Journal of Finance, Vol. 26 (03 1971), pp. 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[4]Casabona, Patrick A., and Vora, Ashok. “The Bias of Conventional Risk Premiums in Empirical Tests of the Capital Asset Pricing Model.” Financial Management, Vol. 11 (Summer 1982), pp. 9096.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[5]Cohen, Kalman J.; Hawawini, Gabriel A.; Maier, Steven F.; Schwartz, Robert A.; and Whitcomb, David K.. “Friction in the Trading Process and the Estimation of Systematic Risk.” Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 12 (08 1983), pp. 263278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[6]Dimson, Elroy. “Risk Measurement when Shares Are Subject to Infrequent Trading.” Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 7 (06 1979), pp. 197226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[7]Dimson, Elroy. “Friction in the Trading Process and Risk Measurment: Response.” Working Paper, London Business School (1982).Google Scholar
[8]Fama, Eugene F.Foundations of Finance. New York: Basic Books (1976).Google Scholar
[9]Fisher, Eric. “More about Stability of Measures of Volatility of Individual Stocks.” Proceedings of the Seminar on the Analysis of Security Prices (11 1968).Google Scholar
[10]Fisher, Lawrence. “Some New Common-Stock Indexes.” Journal of Business, Vol. 39 (01 1966, part II), pp. 191225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[11]Fisher, Lawrence. “Estimation of Systematic Risk: Some New Findings.” Proceedings of the Seminar on the Analysis of Security Prices (05 1970).Google Scholar
[12]Fisher, Lawrence. “On the Estimation of Systematic Risk.” Paper presented at Wells-Fargo Symposium, San Francisco, CA (07 26–28, 1971).Google Scholar
[13]Fisher, Lawrence. “A Replacement for Exponential Smoothing.” 1971 Business and Economic Statistics Section Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, pp. 347352, and “Addendum” available from the author.Google Scholar
[14]Fisher, Lawrence. “An Empirically Validated CAPM (or Beta Matters but No More than It Should.” Proceedings of the Seminar on the Analysis of Security Prices (05 1981).Google Scholar
[15]Fisher, Lawrence, and Kamin, Jules H.. “Good Betas and Bad Betas: How to Tell the Difference.” Proceedings of the Seminar on the Analysis of Security Prices (11 1971).Google Scholar
[16]Fisher, Lawrence, and Kamin, Jules H.. “On the Estimation of Systematic Risk: Abstract.” Journal of the Midwest Finance Association, Vol. 1 (1972).Google Scholar
[17][18]Fisher, Lawrence, and Kamin, Jules H.. Working Papers on the estimation of systematic risk, University of Chicago (1975, 1978).Google Scholar
[19]Fisher, Lawrence, and Kamin, Jules H.. “Forecasting Systematic Risk: Beta Estimates that Take Account of the Tendency of Betas To Change, Heteroscedasticity of Residuals, the Association between Systematic and Nonsystematic Risk, and the Need for Carefully Chosen Indexes.” Working Paper, Rutgers University, Graduate School of Management (11 1983).Google Scholar
[20][21]Fisher, Lawrence, and Scholes, Myron, compilers. CRSP Monthly Return File for Common Stocks Listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Special 1977 and 1st 1980 editions, Chicago: Center for Research in Security Prices, University of Chicago (magnetic tape).Google Scholar
[22]Fowler, David J., and Rorke, C. Harvey. “Risk Management when Shares are Subject to Infrequent Trading: Comment.” Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 12 (08 1983), pp. 279283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[23]Kalman, R. E.A New Approach to Linear Filtering and Prediction Problems.” Journal of Basic Engineering, American Society of Mechanical Engineers Transactions, D83 (03 1960), pp. 3545.Google Scholar
[24]Kantor, Michael. “Market Sensitivities.” Financial Analysts Journal, Vol. 27 (0102 1971), pp. 6468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[25]Levy, Haim, and Sarnat, Marshall. Portfolio and Investment Selection: Theory and Practice. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall International (1984).Google Scholar
[26]Lintner, John. “The Valuation of Risk Assets and the Selection of Risky Investments in Stock Portfolios and Capital Budgets.” Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 33 (02 1965), pp. 3337.Google Scholar
[27]Markowitz, Harry M.Portfolio Selection.” Journal of Finance, Vol. 7 (03 1952), pp. 7791.Google Scholar
[28]Markowitz, Harry M.. Portfolio Selection: Efficient Diversification of Investments. New York: 1959; 2nd printing, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press (1970).Google Scholar
[29]Merton, Robert C.An Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model.” Econometrica, Vol. 41 (09 1973), pp. 853887.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[30]Mossin, Jan. “Equilibrium in a Capital Asset Market.” Econometrica, Vol. 34 (10 1966), pp. 768783.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[31]Ross, Stephen A.The Arbitrage Theory of Capital Asset Pricing.” Journal of Economic Theory, Vol. 13 (12 1976), pp. 341360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[32]Scholes, Myron. “Predicting Betas and Variances Using Daily Data.” Proceedings of the Seminar on the Analysis of Security Prices (05 1976).Google Scholar
[33]Scholes, Myron, and Williams, Joseph. “Estimating Betas from Nonsynchronous Data.” Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 5 (12 1977), pp. 309327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[34]Schwartz, Robert A., and Whitcomb, David K.. “Can Betas Be Estimated from Daily Data?” Proceedings of the Seminar on the Analysis of Security Prices (05 1974).Google Scholar
[35]Sharpe, William F.A Simplified Model for Portfolio Analysis.” Management Science, Vol. 9 (01 1963), pp. 277293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[36]Sharpe, William F.. “Capital Asset Prices: A Theory of Market Equilibrium under Conditions of Risk.” Journal of Finance, Vol. 19 (09 1964), pp. 425442.Google Scholar
[37]Sharpe, William F.. Investments. Second ed., Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall (1981).Google Scholar
[38]Sunder, Shyam. “On the Stability of Risk of Common Stocks.” Working Paper, University of Chicago (09 1976).Google Scholar
[39]Sunder, Shyam. “Stationarity of Market Risk: Random Coefficients Tests for Individual Stocks,” Journal of Finance, Vol. 35 (09 1980), pp. 883896.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[40]Treynor, Jack, and Black, Fischer. “How To Use Security Analysis To Improve Portfolio Selection.” Journal of Business, Vol. 46 (01 1973), pp. 6688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[41]Treynor, Jack; Priest, William; Fisher, Lawrence; and Higgins, Katherine. “Using Portfolio Composition To Estimate Risk.” Financial Analysts Journal, Vol. 24 (0910 1968), pp. 93100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[42]Vasicek, Oldrich A.A Note on Using Cross-Sectional Information in Bayesian Estimation of Security Betas.” Journal of Finance, Vol. 28 (12 1973), pp. 12331239.Google Scholar