International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Treaty establishing the European Economic Community — Effect of competition rules upon domestic tax on imports — Whether rules of Community law restrict the competence of the national legislature before national courts — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

State territory — In general — Nature of territorial sovereignty — Western Sahara-Desert region populated by nomadic tribes — Colonized in late nineteenth century by Spain — Whether terra nullius at time of colonization — Rights of nomadic tribes — Intertemporal law — Some tribes owing personal allegiance to Sultan of Morocco — Whether Western Sahara part of Moroccan territory — Relationship between personal allegiance and territorial sovereignty — Importance of religious ties — Proof of sovereignty — Immemorial possession — Evaluation of historical evidence — Importance of social, political, religious and cultural links with Mauritanian entity — Whether Western Sahara part of Mauritanian entity

Principle of self — determination — Whether a part of international law — Application of principle to decolonization of non-selfgoverning territory — Whether a requirement that people of the territory should be consulted — Whether consultation or choice offered to take any particular form — Concept of reintegration of colonized territory into former national State — Whether concept subject to overriding importance of self — determination-Nature of legal ties between State and colonized territory necessary for concept of reintegration to apply

Disputes — International Court of Justice — Advisory jurisdiction — Competence of Court limited to questions possessing legal character — Whether question must affect existing legal rights — Mixed questions of law and fact — Lack of consent of State specially interested in proceedings — Whether relevant to competence or to propriety of giving an opinion — Subject of request for advisory opinion overlapping with subject of dispute between States — Nature of a legal dispute between States — Whether advisory jurisdiction appropriate for determination of question involving complicated factual considerations — Object of request to guide United Nations as to form of decolonization — Propriety — Composition of Court — Conditions for appointment of judge ad hoc Subjects of international law — States — States taking different forms — Special characteristics of Sherifian State in nineteenth century Morocco — Need to take these characteristics into account in considering questions of territorial sovereignty and personal allegiance — Tribes and emirates of Mauritania not formed into State — Whether a legal entity — Whether group possessing rights against its members — Whether Islamic Republic of Mauritania succeeding to any such rights

Treaties — Interpretation — Bi-lingual treaties — Material differences between Arabic and Spanish texts — Value of treaties as evidence of international recognition of sovereignty

State territory — Parts of State territory — Territorial waters Breadth and delimitation of the maritime belt — Submerged Lands Act of 1953 — Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone 1958 — Lateral maritime boundary between States — Texas and Louisiana — Inclusion of jetties as part of coastline — Report of the Special Master — The law of the United States

State territory — Parts of State territory — Territorial waters — Breadth and delimitation of the maritime belt — Submerged Lands Act of 1953 — Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone 1958 — Straight base line system — Delimitation of inland waters Historic waters — Effect of contrary declaration by the United States — The law of the United States

State territory — Miscellaneous — West Berlin — International status of — Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany — Allied Reservation — Whether applicable to order issued by Federal authorities requiring German national resident in West Berlin to attend military service — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial jurisdiction — Over territory in general — Objective territorial principle — One of the acts constituting a criminal offence occurring within the territory — Whether conferring jurisdiction — Offence of fraudulent conversion of cheques — Cheques received outside but encashed in Hong Kong — Whether the courts of Hong Kong having jurisdiction — The law of Hong Kong

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial jurisdiction — Over territory in general — Objective territorial principle — Obtaining property by deception — Banker's draft posted in Morocco — Receipt by defendant in England — Whether obtaining in England — Theft Act 1968 — The law of England

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial jurisdiction — Fisheries — Jurisdiction to regulate fishing in the high seas and foreign territorial waters — The law of Japan

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial jurisdiction — Fisheries — Waters adjacent to Northern Ireland — Whether belonging to the Republic of Ireland or to the United Kingdom — Agreement between Irish Provisional Government and the United Kingdom, 1921 — Definition of Northern Ireland — Whether including territorial waters — Whether United Kingdom statute can be challenged in Northern Ireland courts — The law of Northern Ireland

State responsibility — Nature and kinds of State responsibility — For other breaches of contractual obligations — Debt of Chilean company to United States company — Ability of Chilean company to repay debt weakened by actions of Chilean Government — Eventual nationalization of Chilean company — Whether loss incurred by United States company due to expropriatory action — Continuing process of expropriation — OPIC insurance contract — The law of the United States

State responsibility — Nature and kinds of State responsibility — For taking of, or interference with, property — Expropriatory action — Political activity by multinational company in host State — Attempt to assist candidate in Presidential election — Political activity in national State of corporation — Attempt to persuade national State to intervene in or exert pressure on host State — Whether affecting company’s position in international law — Whether a violation of OPIC insurance contract — Loss in respect of debt — Whether due to insolvency or to expropriatory action — Meaning of expropriatory action — “Creeping” expropriation — The law of the United States

State responsibility — Nature and kinds of State responsibility — For other breaches of contractual obligations — Foreign company obliged to transfer assets to new mixed ownership company — State corporation acquiring shares — Payment by shares linked to payment of dividends by new company — Government subsequently nationalizing new company and cancelling agreement for payment for shares — Whether expropriation of foreign company's interest in purchase price of shares — OPIC insurance contract — The law of the United States

State responsibility — Nature and kinds of State responsibility — For taking of, or interference with, property — OPIC insurance contract — Meaning of “expropriatory action” — Company persuaded to negotiate agreement with government under threat of nationalization — Agreement providing for transfer of company's assets to mixed ownership company — Provision for purchase of shares by State corporation — Whether agreement voluntary — Whether expropriatory action — Whether property capable of being subject to two expropriatory acts — Date of expropriation — Principles and scope of OPIC insurance — The law of the United States

The individual in international law — In general — Human rights and freedoms — Torture — Detention without trial — Failure to provide adequate machinery for challenging legality of arrest — Exhaustion of local remedies — U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights — Optional Protocol — U.N. Human Rights Committee — Procedure — Right of individual petition — Burden of proof

The individual in international law — In general — Human rights and freedoms — Torture — Detention without trial — Failure to provide adequate machinery for challenging legality of arrest — Exhaustion of local remedies — U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights — Optional Protocol — U.N. Human Rights Committee — Procedure — Right of individual petition — Burden of proof

The individual in international law — Nationality — Protected persons and de facto subjects — Protected persons expelled from State of residence — Whether Home State under duty to admit them — Whether obligation to admit expelled nationals applicable to mass expulsion — Ugandan Asians — Whether rule of international law conferring rights upon individuals — Effect of Immigration Act 1971 — Status of British protected person — Circumstances in which that status is lost — Whether need for express renunciation — Proof of nationality — The law of England

The individual in international law — Extradition — Political crimes — Whether rule of customary international law that political offenders may not be extradited — Municipal law provision that political offenders are not to be extradited — Whether applicable to deportation of alien on informal request from other State — The law of Japan

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of treaties — E.E.C. Regulation — Necessity for municipal legislation — European Communities Act 1972, Section 2(1) — Validity-Act of Union 1707 — Article XVIII — The law of Scotland

Treaties — Termination of treaties — By operation of law — Outbreak of war — Madrid Agreement for the Registration of Trademarks, 1891 — Collapse of German Reich in 1945 — German Patent Office ceasing to function between 1945 and 1949 — Whether German State remaining a party to the treaty — Whether treaty suspended — Effect of declaration by Federal Republic of Germany that Germany had been a party to the treaty without interruption since 1922 — Effect of different attitude of German Democratic Republic — Whether Federal Republic of Germany successor to international obligations of German Reich — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

Treaties — Interpretation-Principles and rules of interpretation — Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969, Articles 31 to 33 — Codification of rules of customary international law — Interpretation in good faith — Ordinary meaning of words — Context — Legal definition of “context” — Object and purpose of treaty — Importance

Multilingual treaties — Vienna Convention, Article 33 — All authentic texts of a treaty possess equal authority — Discrepancy between texts — Duty to resolve discrepancy by adopting meaning which best reconciles the texts in the light of the object and purpose of the treaty — Whether original text of treaty possessing special weight — Whether customary law principles superseded by Vienna Convention

Consideration of preparatory work — Definition of travaux préparatoires — Whether legitimate for Tribunal to consider records of discussion at which one State Party not present — Importance of avoiding situation in which travaux preparatoires admissible against some parties but not others — Importance of drafts of clause in ascertaining meaning of clause in its final form

Treaties — Subsequent practice — As aid to interpretation — Need for practice to represent agreement, express or implied, between parties — Relevance of acts of one party in discharging its obligations under the treaty

Treaties — Termination — Whether agreement providing for issue of bonds discharged when bonds issued

Effect of treaties on third parties — Treaty relating to issue of bonds — Effect upon bondholders

Arbitration — In general — Function — Legal interest of Applicants — Whether genuine — Whether Tribunal being asked to decide academic question — Procedure — Evidence — Function of witness giving evidence in relation to travaux préparatoires of treaty

State succession — Public debt — Acknowledgment of Reich debts by Federal Republic of Germany

International law in general — Sources — Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969

War — In general — Enforcement of the laws of war — Compensation and reparation — Dismantling of munitions factory by Occupying Powers in 1945 as part of demilitarisation of Germany — Whether measures amounted to reparation measures — Whether Occupying Powers had acted on behalf of Germany — Treaty terminating Occupation Status of Germany — Whether Federal Republic could abstain from obligation to indemnify demilitarisation under the treaty — Effect of treaty on constitutional guarantee of right to indemnification — The law of Federal Republic of Germany