The geological map of Crete shows that a large portion of the island is composed of ancient limestone, in itself almost a guarantee of the presence of Pleistocene cave deposits. In confirmation of this, Admiral Spratt in his most valuable work mentions finding two such deposits, from one of which he obtained a few mammalian remains.

During a recent stay in London the kindness of Dr. A. S. Woodward enabled me to study some of the splendid Dinosaurian remains in the British Museum.

Having principally occupied myself till now with Ornithopodous Dinosaurs, first of all Hypsilophodon attracted my attention, and my expectation that this type would prove to be the clue for the understanding of all the other Orthopoda has been perfectly fulfilled.

Hypsilophodon was described and figured at various times by Owen, Huxley, and Hulke; a restoration of this animal was given by Marsh in the Geological Magazine for 1896 (p. 6, Fig. 2), and the complete bibliographical list concerning this Dinosaur is compiled in my paper “Synopsis und Abstammung der Dinosaurier” (Földtani Közlöny, 1901, Budapest).

In consequence of our more recent knowledge of Dinosaurs in general I managed to detect some new points of remarkable interest.

Mandible. What Hulke, in describing the Hypsilophodon skull, No. 110, supposed to be the parietal, frontal, and post-frontal bones (Phil. Trans., 1882, pl. lxxi, fig. 1, pa., fr., ps.f.), turned out to be the outer view of a complete right mandibular ramus, so that the parietal changes into an articular, the frontal becomes the dentary, and the post-frontal the coronoid bone. This piece (p. 207, Fig. 4) is, in fact, the finest mandibulum of Hypsilophodon I have seen in the whole collection, and as such worthy to be refigured.

The general outline of the mandibulum, with its strongly abbreviated post-coronoidal part and its blunt processus coronoideum, reminds one somewhat of the under jaw of Placodus gigas, though it differs of course in nearly every detail, being built up after the Iguanodon type.

Among the numerous Lepidodendroid remains in the Geological Department of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), there is one which presents several characters of unusual interest. It is a cast, obtained from the Middle Coal-measures of South Staffordshire, near Dudley, and belongs to the Johnson Collection.

A portion of the specimen is figured on p. 209. It will be noticed that the mammillated leaf-cushions are distant from one another, and are separated by broad bands of striated bark. This is an unusual feature in the case of British Lepidodendra. The preservation is fairly good, except in the details of the leaf-scar. In the specimen thirteen leaf-cushions are represented, forming portions of five spiral series. The cushions are rhomboidal in outline, and at first sight do not appear to be very sharply marked off from the bark. On closer inspection, however, they are seen to be moderately well defined, although the lateral angles are flattened and obscured by the encroachment of the bark. They measure from 1.8 to 2 cm. in length, and from .6 to .7 cm. at their greatest width. The upper and lower extremities lie in one plane, which is the median plane of the cushion, and are inclined neither to the right nor to the left (of. Lepidodendron serpentigerum). The cushions stand out in high relief, and depart somewhat from the form of a low truncated pyramid so commonly seen amongst Lepidodendra. However, this is in no wise remarkable, for examples of Lepidodendra having raised cushions are not rare, in cases where the stems have to some extent escaped crushing.

Through the kindness of my friend Mr. E. T. Newton, F.R.S., of the Geological Survey Museum, Jermyn Street, I was placed, in October, 1902, in correspondence with the Rev. Samuel Couling, M.A., of the English Baptist Mission, Ching-chou-fu, Kiao-chow, North China, who obligingly transmitted to me several fossils which he had obtained from “West Shantung, and south of Tsing-tshou-fu, 36° 40′ N. lat. and 118° 40′ E. long.” He referred me to Richthofen's Atlas, on which the hills where the fossils had been obtained are marked “Mittel und Ober Sinisch”—between Cambrian and Silurian in age.

Mr. L. Richardson, F.G.S., having informed me that he had seen gravels at a high level on the road leading from Stow-on-the-Wold to Burford, I visited the locality, accompanied by Mr. J. W. Gray, F.G.S. About 3⅓ miles north of Burford, at the corner of the turning to Tangley, we came upon a deposit of clay with northern erratics in a quarry of oolite. As the position of such a formation was unexpected, and might be important, it seems desirable to record the discovery.

The term ‘earth-shake’ has been applied to local disturbances of the earth which owe their origin, either in part or wholly, to artificial causes. Typical examples of earth-shakes are those which are occasionally felt at Sunderland and other places on the magnesian limestone of the Durham coast, and which have been attributed by Prof. Lebour to rock-falls in underground channels, enlarged no doubt by pumping in connection with the local water-supply. Other examples are the shocks frequently felt in mining districts, and either caused or precipitated by mining operations. Earth-shakes of this class have occurred in the Rhondda Valley in Glamorganshire on June 22, 1889, April 11 and May 2, 1894, and October 16,1896; in the neighbourhood of Camborne on June 4 and 10, 1902; at Pendleton, near Manchester, on February 27, 1899, and April 7, 1900; at Kilsyth in Stirlingshire on February 16, 1898, and in various other districts.

In North and South America and in South Africa there is a considerable variety of types of the Dalmaniles-branch in the Devonian period which have in many cases received distinctive subgeneric names; but species retaining the typical characters of the Silurian forms persist at any rate in North America. Many of these Devonian forms show incomplete second lateral furrows on the glabella, these furrows not reaching the axial furrows and causing a partial coalescence of the two middle lateral lobes. This tendency towards the fusion of the first and second lateral lobes of the glabella is a departure from the perfect segmentation found in typical Silurian members of Dalmanites, and has caused Clarke to group all such forms together into the subgenus or section Synphoria. This type of structure, as Van Ingen has recently shown, is not unknown amongst the Silurian species of Dalmanites in America, but it finds its most pronounced development in Devonian time and occurs in the groups Coronura, Corycephalus, Odontocephalus, and Probolium, all of which are put by Clarke in the section Synphoria. The marginal ornamentation and different processes on the pygidium and head-shield on which these four groups have been founded are scarcely of the same structural importance as the modifications of the glabellar segmentation. As in other families, the spinosity of these forms is the symbol of a last expiring effort before extinction.