As the result of examining a considerable number of specimens belonging to the species Monograptus fimbriatus, M. raitzhainiensis, and M. triangulatus from certain strata of Llandovery age at a locality in North Cardiganshire, the writer is led to the conclusion that the forms comprised within these species constitute a continuously graded morphological series; and that the stratigraphical occurrence of these forms shows that this series is, further, an evolutionary lineage.

With the removal of certain genera the Illaenidae has become a very homogeneous family. Attempts have been made to group genera into subfamilies, the most important of which was that made by Salter in 1867, but these efforts have not met with general approval. Thus Warburg (1925, pp. 97–100) has given a recent summary of the Illaenid classification and discussed the previous literature, and this author endorses the opinion expressed by Raymond in 1916, “that it is still too early to make any natural classification.” Whittard (1938, p. 89) follows Holm and Warburg and meantime would only admit Illaenus and Bumastus as valid genera and suggests that Salter’s genus Ectillaenus might be retained for species of Illaenids in which visual organs were either absent or vestigial.

The majority of the Scottish specimens described in this paper consist of cups only, and have been in my collection for a long time. In earlier days they would probably have been assigned to genera like Poteriocrinites and Pachylocrinus, but in recent years great additions have been made to our knowledge of Carboniferous inadunate crinoids by American workers such as Kirk, Moore, Laudon, Strimple, and others. New genera and species have been created, many of them based on all the characters of complete crowns. Obviously, when dealing with cups alone, it is not always easy to trace exact relationship to such perfect examples of crinoid life. It seems evident, however, that the cups here dealt with differ in certain ways from forms so far described, and an attempt is now made to give them specific standing. Four new species are ascribed to known genera, three, including two new species, to the new genus Scotiacrinus, and one to a new Cromyocrinid genus for which the name Tyrieocrinus is proposed. A revision is also given of the species previously described as Erisocrinus scoticus (Wright, 1942, pp. 275–6) and now referred with reservations to Apographiocrinus Moore & Plummer. I wish here to thank Dr. A. C. Stephen, of the Royal Scottish Museum, for the loan of a specimen belonging to that institution, now named Scotiacrinus yoredalensis, and the authorities of the Museum for permission to describe and figure it.

The only species of Scaphites hitherto identified from the Holaster planus Zone of England is S. geinitzi d’Orbigny, which occurs commonly both in the Chalk Rock and in the normal facies of the zone in many parts of the country.

In the course of an examination of Lower and Middle Pleistocene Beds at Kanam and Kanjera, on the southern shore of the Kavirondo Gulf of Victoria Nyanza, exposures of strongly disturbed lacustrine beds were located. The remarkable character of the deformation, at a locality where the possibility of a compressional origin could be excluded, led Professor P. G. H. Boswell (with whom the occurrence was discovered) to suggest that a short account should be published.