Some time ago I was asked, in connection with a question regarding the Dwyka conglomerate, to say if any of the volcanic deposits of Java in any way resemble a glacial deposit. As I was in Java from 12th May to 6th June as a Member of the Fourth Pacific Science Congress, and travelled from Batavia to Soerabaya via Buitenzorg, Bandoeng, Garoet, Koeningan, Loh Ulu, Jocja, Kediri, and the Tengger Mountains, as well as going to Krakatau, I had a good opportunity of replying to the question, but it must be understood that this note is not intended as a contribution to literature on the Dwyka conglomerate, which I have never seen, but purely as an answer to the query “are there any volcanic deposits in Java resembling glacial deposits ?” The reply briefly is that such deposits do exist, namely the “mudstream-deposits” of Gunong Keloet, near Kediri.

The general features of the geology of Cyprus have been established by the work of Gaudry and of Bellamy and Jukes-Browne (1), (2); while the later researches of Professors Cullis and Edge (3) have added much to our knowledge. But in every case it has been recognized that many questions were left unsettled and many details remained to be filled in. In this connection the importance of the geological work which has been done during recent years on the neighbouring coasts of Asia Minor and Syria has been some what overlooked, though in view of the close tectonic relations between the mainland and Cyprus it deserves particular attention.

A SUITABLE alternative title for the first section of this paper would be “Impossibilities and Geology”. In point of fact it deals more with other matters of a diverse kind than with its own proper subject as implied in the principal heading. The discussion of the theory of continental drift has now reached such a point that it is believed that the setting forth of a few useful analogies may possess some value. It is hardly too much to say that the present status of the controversy is that geological evidence continues to accumulate showing that lateral movement of continental masses has taken place, as is indeed admitted, either directly or tacitly, by many of the opponents of the Wegenerian theory, while mathematicians and cosmogonists continue to reiterate that such is impossible. Now the real meaning of this attitude is that the mathematicians and astronomers have not yet discovered a cause, which is not by any means the same thing as proving that there is no possible cause, a philosophical distinction which is very commonly disregarded. A similar state of affairs has existed several times before, even in some of the more important problems of quite modern geology.

Place two or three fingers of the left hand in a fixed position and lay the right hand by the side of the tip of the fingers in such a position that the former makes an angle of some 20° to 30° with the fingers. Then turn the right hand clockwise, there will appear a series of arcuate folds around the tip of the fingers as well as some échelon folds between the left and the right hand. The greater the angle through which the right hand is twisted, the more predominant will the folds become. In this way we can produce the cranium and the limb of the system but not always the crown, which only begins to appear when the entire palm of the right hand is placed flat on the paper and twisted through a larger angle.