Adelges cooleyi (Gill.) causes galls on spruce in the forests and on shelter-belt and shade-tree plantings in Alberta. The alternate host is Douglas fir, on which the injury is less conspicuous. The tree species affected are white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Engelmann spruce, P. engelmanni Parry, and blue Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. A. cooleyi is indigenous to North America.

Among the numerous insects attacking the leaves of birch in North America are Profenusa alumna (MacG.) and Fenusa pusilla (Lep.), both of which are leaf-miners belonging to the tribe Fenusini. Various attempts have been made to separate the known fenusine larvae, all of which are very similar (Yuasa, 1922; Ripper, 1931; Lorenz and Kraus, 1957; Lindquist, 1959), but the larval morphology of F. pusilla only has been described in detail (Friend, 1933; Daviault, 1937). In this paper the larval morphology of P. alumna is described from material collected some 60 miles north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, in 1955.

The larvae of leaf-mining insects are difficult to rear in the laboratory and large-scale insect surveys must often rely on the identification of immature stages for their information. The need for a larval key to the birch leaf-mining saw-flies in Ontario became apparent when a complex of three species, Profenusa alumna (MacG.), Fenusa pusilla (Lep.), and Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fall.), was first discovered in 1955 (Lindquist 1955). Larvae of the three mentioned species have been described in recent years by Watson (1959), Friend (1933), and Peirson and Brower (1936), respectively. Additional descriptions of the larvae of F. pusilla and H. nemoratus were made by Daviault (1937). Information on distribution and seasonal occurrence was obtained from collections made by forest biology rangers over a 3-year period. Brief notes on the biology of the species, for comparison purposes, follows the larval key.

This paper offers a taxonomic treatment of the North American species of the genera Niptus Boieldieu (1856, pp. 290, 662), Epauloecus Mulsant and Rey (1868, pp. 49, 198), and Pseudeurostus Heyden (1906, p. 424), which was proposed as a new name for Eurostus Mulsant and Rey, 1868, not Dallas, 1851. Six species are considered, Two of these are treated in Fall's revision of the North American Ptinidae (1905, pp. 107-108). Two others are Old World species that were discovered more recently in Canada, and two species are dcscribed as new. All of the species belong to Niptus in the sense of Fall's revision, which this paper supplements. Three of the six species are imported minor pests and are known in America only from buildings, where they breed in organic matter of various kinds. The others are native, outdoor species of the wesrern United States. Hinton (1941, pp. 339-344) has described and figured the pest species and has summarized the literature on their habits.

This is a report on field observations and experiments on the life-history of the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig.), conducted from 1955 to 1958 in sandy and organic soils of southwestern Quebec. The dates of emergence of adults, the number of generations, the percentage of pupae entering diapause in each generation, and the relationship between diapause, air temperature, and precipitation were recorded.

Ogilvie (1927) lists five aphids of economic importance from Bermuda; namely, Illinoia (Macrosiphum) solanifolii (Ashm.) (=Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thom.)), Myzus persicae (Sulz.), Aphis lilii Takah., Aphis gossypii Glover, and ? Fullawayella formosana Takah. (possibly Neotoxoptera formosanus (Takah.) or N. violae (Pergande)). Later, in 1928, he states that the species formerly identified as Aphis lilii Takah. was Aphis gossypii Glover and records eighteen additional species from Bermuda. The slides of these specimens presumably are in the British Museum (Natural History) since Mr. F. Laing and Mr. F. V. Theobald identified the aphids.

Study of material of Palpita from a variety of sources has revealed the existence of numerous superficially similar species differing in striking characters of the genitalia. In this paper I describe certain species for which names are required at the present time. I hope when time permits to publish a full revision of the species of the genus.

This paper is one in a series on techniques used in estimating populations of various stages of the larch sawfly (Ives, 1955b; Ives and Prentice, 1958). This insect spends most of the year in cocoons in the soil beneath the host tree. The objective of accurate estimation of the cocoon population is to provide a basis for the evaluation of mortality factors affecting this stage. Two methods of estimation are considered in this paper. One is based on soil sampling (Part I) and the other on the number of cocoons formed in traps for falling larvae (Part 11).

The screw worm, Callitroga hominivorax (Coquerel), can be sterilized by irradiation in such a way that the viability and sexual behaviour of the male are not seriously affected by the treatment. If such flies are released into a wild population, many of the males will mate with the native females which, since they mate only once, will become permanently infertile. Thus in proportion to the numbers released the numbers of fertile egg-masses produced by the population will be reduced; and if the numbers released are sufficient the population, failing rapid and extensive relief from a density-dependent controlling factor, could be eradicated in a few generations. This eradication has in fact been achieved on the island of Curacao; and the prognosis for the much larger undertaking now in progress in Florida is very favourable (see Lindquist and Knipling, 1957, for discussion and references).

The pales weevil, Hylobius pales, was described in 1797 by Herbst (9), but it was not until 1916 that its importance in limiting the regeneration of white pine, Pinus strobus L., in cut-over areas was established by Carter (4). H e reported that up to 70 per cent of young reproduction trees might be killed by adults feeding on thc bark of young seedlings during the first two years following clear cutting of white pine. He concluded that it was unwise to plant white pine during the two seasons follouring cutting because seedlings in the vicinity of the stumps, in which the Weevil breeds. would be subjected to heavy feeding, and the resulting loss of trees would produce open areas in the planting. In 1921, Peirson (10) recorded in broad terms the seasonal history, distribution, host plants, habits,and control of the weevil, based primarily on a study of the insect in Massachusetts. More recently, Beal and McClintick (1), Bess (2), Savely (11), Sentell (12), and Wells (16) have emphasized the continued importance of the weevil as a forest pest and have recorded its presence in most of the United States east of the Mississippi and north of Florida, and in Canada from Nova Scotia to Manitoba. Friend and Chamberlin (8) and Ebel and Speers (5) have discussed population levels of the weevil in relation to cutting practices, and Speers (13, 14, 15) has discussed its control through the use of sprays and dips.

While working at Cedar Lake in Northwestern Ontario in the summers of 1957 and 1958 the author was able to observe the feeding sites of various species of Cinara. Most of the observations were made within an area of a few square miles on either side of Highway 105, between Red Lake Road and Ear Falls, Ontario. This area is fairly typical of the Laurentian Shield, with numerous lakes, rocky ridges, sandy patches, and small bogs. The principal coniferous trees in this locality are black spruce, jack pine, and balsam fir. White spruce, white cedar, white pine, red pine, and common juniper are also present.