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Essential oils and essential oil compounds in animal production as antimicrobials and anthelmintics: an updated review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2023

Eduardo Henrique Custódio Matté Open the ORCID record for Eduardo Henrique Custódio Matté [Opens in a new window] ,
Fernando Bittencourt Luciano Open the ORCID record for Fernando Bittencourt Luciano [Opens in a new window]  and
Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista Open the ORCID record for Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista [Opens in a new window]
Eduardo Henrique Custódio Matté
Affiliation:
Undergraduate Program in Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
Fernando Bittencourt Luciano*
Affiliation:
Graduate Program in Animal Science, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista*
Affiliation:
Graduate Program in Animal Science, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Fernando Bittencourt Luciano, E-mail: fernando.luciano@pucpr.br; Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista, E-mail: alberto.evangelista@pucpr.edu.br
Author for correspondence: Fernando Bittencourt Luciano, E-mail: fernando.luciano@pucpr.br; Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista, E-mail: alberto.evangelista@pucpr.edu.br
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Abstract

Several countries have shown an increased prevalence of drug resistance in animal production due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and antiparasitics in human and veterinary medicine. This article aims to review existing methods using naturally occurring essential oils (EOs) and their isolated compounds (EOCs) as alternatives to antimicrobials and antiparasitic compounds in animal production and, consequently, to avoid resistance. The most-reported mechanism of action of EOs and EOCs was cell membrane damage, which leads to the leakage of cytoplasmic content, increased membrane permeability, inhibition of metabolic and genetic pathways, morphologic changes, antibiofilm effects, and damage to the genetic material of infections. In parasites, anticoccidial effects, reduced motility, growth inhibition, and morphologic changes have been reported. Although these compounds regularly show a similar effect to those promoted by traditional drugs, the elucidation of their mechanisms of action is still scarce. The use of EOs and EOCs can also positively influence crucial parameters in animal production, such as body weight gain, feed conversion rate, and cholesterol reduction, which also positively impact meat quality. The application of EOs and EOCs is enhanced by their association with other natural compounds or even by the association with synthetic chemicals, which has been found to cause synergism in their antimicrobial effect. By reducing the effective therapeutical/prophylactic dose, the chances of off-flavors – the most common issue in EO and EOC application – is greatly mitigated. However, there is very little work on the combination of EOs and EOCs in large in vivo studies. In addition, research must apply the correct methodology to properly understand the observed effects; for example, the use of only high concentrations may mask potential results obtained at lower dosages. Such corrections will also allow the elucidation of finer mechanisms and promote better biotechnologic use of EOs and EOCs. This manuscript presents several information gaps to be filled before the use of EOs and EOCs are fully applicable in animal production.

Keywords

Animal productionanthelminticantimicrobialessential oil
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 24 , Issue 1 , June 2023 , pp. 1 - 11
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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