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A Social Network Analysis of Traditional Labrets and Horizontal Relationships in the Salish Sea Region of Northwestern North America
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 May 2024
Abstract
In the Salish Sea region, labret adornment with lip plugs signify particular identities, and they are interpreted as emblematic of both membership in horizontal relationships and achieved status for traditional cultures associated with labret wearing on the Northwest Coast (NWC) of North America. Labrets are part of a shared symbolic language in the region, one that we argue facilitated access to beneficial horizontal relationships (e.g., Angelbeck and Grier 2012; Rorabaugh and Shantry 2017). We employ social network analysis (SNA) to examine labrets from 31 dated site components in the Salish Sea region spanning between 3500 and 1500 cal BP. Following this period, the more widely distributed practice of cranial modification as a social marker of status developed in the region. The SNA of labret data shows an elaboration and expansion of antecedent social networks prior to the practice of cranial modification. Understandings of status on the NWC work backward from direct contact with Indigenous societies. Labret wearing begins at the Middle-Late Holocene transition, setting an earlier stage for the horizontal social relationships seen in the ethnohistoric period. These findings are consistent with the practice as signifying restricted group membership based on affinal ties and achieved social status.
Resumen
En la región del mar de Salish, los adornos labiales en forma de tapón simbolizan identidades particulares, siendo interpretados como un indicador de pertenencia a relaciones horizontals y estatus adquirido en las culturas tradicionales asociadas con el uso de este tipo de adornos en la Costa Noroeste de Norte América (NWC). Los adornos labiales son parte de un lenguaje simbólico compartido a escala regional, uno que, proponemos, facilitó el acceso a las relaciones horizontales (e.g., Angelbeck y Grier 2012; Rorabaugh y Shantry 2017). Utilizamos el análisis de redes sociales (ARS) para evaluar los adornos labiales de 32 componentes datados procedentes de yacimientos arqueológicos en la región del mar de Salish, abarcando el período entre 3500 y 1500 cal aP. Tras este período se desarrolló la modificación craneal, una práctica más ampliamente distribuida en la región en tanto que marcador social de estatus. El ARS del conjunto analizado muestra una elaboración y expansión de redes sociales anteriores a la práctica de la modificación craneal. Las interpretaciones sobre el estatus en la NWC se han construido a partir del contacto directo con las sociedades indígenas. El uso de adornos labiales comienza en la transición del Holoceno Medio-Final, sugiriendo una antigüedad mayor para las relaciones sociales horizontales observadas en el período etnohistórico. Los hallazgos presentados son consistentes con el uso de adornos labiales en tanto que significantes de pertenencia restringida a un grupo según vínculos de afinidad y estatus social adquirido.
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References
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Rorabaugh and Shantry supplementary material 1
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Rorabaugh and Shantry supplementary material 2
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